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Creators/Authors contains: "Hutter, Tanya"

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  1. Abstract This is the first report of a multifunctional separator for potassium‐metal batteries (KMBs). Double‐coated tape‐cast microscale AlF3on polypropylene (AlF3@PP) yields state‐of‐the‐art electrochemical performance: symmetric cells are stable after 1000 cycles (2000 h) at 0.5 mA cm−2and 0.5 mAh cm−2, with 0.042 V overpotential. Stability is maintained at 5.0 mA cm−2for 600 cycles (240 h), with 0.138 V overpotential. Postcycled plated surface is dendrite‐free, while stripped surface contains smooth solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Conventional PP cells fail rapidly, with dendrites at plating, and “dead metal” and SEI clumps at stripping. Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) cathode KMBs with AlF3@PP display enhanced capacity retention (91% at 100 cycles vs 58%). AlF3partially reacts with K to form an artificial SEI containing KF, AlF3, and Al2O3phases. The AlF3@PP promotes complete electrolyte wetting and enhances uptake, improves ion conductivity, and increases ion transference number. The higher of K+transference number is ascribed to the strong interaction between AlF3and FSIanions, as revealed through19F NMR. The enhancement in wetting and performance is general, being demonstrated with ester‐ and ether‐based solvents, with K‐, Na‐, or Li‐ salts, and with different commercial separators. In full batteries, AlF3prevents Fe crossover and cycling‐induced cathode pulverization. 
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